Skin Cancer

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when skin cells multiply uncontrollably. It usually develops as a result of prolonged exposure to sunlight; however, genetic factors, skin type, and environmental factors can also play a role. When detected early, skin cancer is among the types of cancer with a very high treatment success rate.

The skin is the body’s largest organ and is directly exposed to environmental factors. Therefore, early detection of changes occurring on the skin is of great importance in skin cancer management.

Types of Skin Cancer

Skin cancer can originate from different cell types. The most common types of skin cancer are:

• Basal cell carcinoma: The most common type of skin cancer. It usually progresses slowly and can be successfully treated with early diagnosis.

• Squamous cell carcinoma: It can progress more rapidly and, in some cases, carries a risk of spreading to surrounding tissues.

• Melanoma: Although rarer, it is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. Early diagnosis is vital.

The treatment approach for each type of skin cancer may vary.

Why Does Skin Cancer Occur?

Multiple factors play a role in the formation of skin cancer. The most common risk factors are:

• Long-term and intense exposure to sunlight

• Use of tanning beds (solarium)

• Fair skin tone

• Family history of skin cancer

• A high number of moles or changes in existing moles

• Weakening of the immune system

Having these risk factors does not necessarily mean skin cancer will develop, but it makes regular check-ups more important.

What Are the Symptoms of Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer can manifest itself through certain changes on the skin. The most frequent symptoms include:

• Sores that do not heal

• Changes in the color, shape, or size of moles

• Lesions that crust, bleed, or harden on the skin

• Newly formed or rapidly growing masses on the skin

• Itching or tenderness

These symptoms do not always mean skin cancer, but they absolutely require an expert evaluation.

How is Skin Cancer Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of skin cancer is made through clinical examination and, when necessary, a biopsy. During the diagnostic process:

• Skin examination

• Dermoscopic evaluation

• Biopsy of suspicious lesions

These methods are utilized. Early diagnosis expands treatment options and increases treatment success.

Skin Cancer Treatment Methods

Skin cancer treatment is planned according to the type, stage, and location of the cancer. The treatment process is conducted with a multidisciplinary approach. The main treatment methods are:

• Surgical treatment

• Local treatment methods

• Radiotherapy

• Systemic treatments in advanced stages

The treatment plan is determined specifically for each patient.

Surgical Treatment in Skin Cancer

Surgical treatment is one of the most fundamental methods of skin cancer therapy. The goal is to remove the tumorous tissue along with safe margins. Depending on the size and location of the removed tissue, reconstructive surgery may be required following the procedure.

Tissue repair is of great importance, especially in surgeries performed on aesthetically and functionally sensitive areas such as the face, nose, lips, ears, and around the eyes.

Reconstruction After Skin Cancer

Following skin cancer surgery, some patients may experience tissue loss or deformity. In such cases, reconstructive surgery methods come into play. The goal of reconstruction is to restore both functional and aesthetic integrity.

The reconstruction method to be applied is determined by the size of the removed tissue, the region, and the patient’s general health status.

Skin Cancer and Quality of Life

A skin cancer diagnosis can be physically and psychologically challenging for patients. With early diagnosis, correct treatment, and regular follow-up, skin cancer has become a manageable disease.

In the post-treatment period, regular dermatological check-ups, sun protection habits, and a healthy lifestyle play a significant role in improving the quality of life.