Breast Cancer

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when cells in the breast tissue multiply in an uncontrolled manner. While it is one of the most common types of cancer in women, it can also occur in men, although rarely. When breast cancer is detected early, the success of treatment is quite high. Breast tissue consists of milk glands, milk ducts, fat, and connective tissue. Breast cancer mostly starts in the milk ducts or milk glands and can spread to surrounding tissues over time. Therefore, early diagnosis and regular checks are of great importance.

Why Does Breast Cancer Occur?

There is no single cause of breast cancer. it can emerge through a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The most commonly known risk factors are:

• Family history of breast cancer

• Genetic predisposition

• Hormonal factors

• Advanced age

• Obesity and lifestyle factors

• Previous diseases related to breast tissue Having risk factors does not necessarily mean that breast cancer will develop; however, it makes regular follow-up and screening more important.

What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer may not show symptoms in the early stage. Therefore, regular screening and checks are of great importance. Among the most common symptoms are:

• A hard lump felt in the breast

• Changes in the shape or size of the breast

• Inward retraction or shape change of the nipple

• Discharge from the nipple

• Redness, thickening, or orange-peel appearance of the breast skin

• Swelling in the armpit These symptoms do not always mean cancer; however, they absolutely require expert evaluation.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of breast cancer is made through clinical examination and imaging methods. The most frequently used methods in the diagnosis process are:

• Clinical breast examination

• Mammography

• Ultrasonography

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Biopsy when necessary Early diagnosis expands treatment options and increases treatment success.

Breast Cancer Treatment Methods

Breast cancer treatment is planned according to the stage and type of the disease and the general health status of the patient. The treatment process is generally conducted with a multidisciplinary approach. The primary treatment methods are:

• Surgical treatment

• Radiotherapy

• Chemotherapy

• Hormone therapy

• Targeted (smart) drug therapies The same treatment is not applied to every patient; the treatment plan is completely specific to the individual.

Surgical Treatment in Breast Cancer

Surgical treatment is an important part of breast cancer treatment. The surgical approach is determined by the size and spread of the tumor and the condition of the breast tissue. While only the tumor is removed in some patients, in some cases, it may be necessary to remove the entire breast. The surgical decision process is planned by considering both oncological safety and the patient’s quality of life.

Process After Breast Cancer

Breast cancer treatment is not limited only to surgery. In the post-treatment period, regular checks, imaging methods, and additional treatments if necessary are planned. In this process, the psychological support of the patient is as important as their physical recovery. Life after treatment settles back into balance over time, and many patients can return to their daily lives.

Breast Cancer and Reconstruction

After breast cancer surgery, some patients may experience loss of shape or asymmetry in the breast tissue. In this case, reconstructive surgery options can be evaluated. Breast reconstruction can be planned as a part of the treatment process or at a later period. The goal of reconstruction is to support the patient’s body perception and quality of life. The method to be applied is determined specifically for the patient.

Breast Cancer and Quality of Life

A diagnosis of breast cancer is a process with emotional and social effects, not just physical ones. With early diagnosis, correct treatment, and regular follow-up, breast cancer has become a manageable disease. In the post-treatment period, healthy living habits, regular checks, and supportive approaches play an important role in increasing the quality of life.